6 预防前列腺癌的可改变危险因素

最后更新： 2026年5月18日

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鉴于我办公室的患者对前列腺癌的预防提出了很多要求，因此在本主题中，我将向您展示您可以考虑的 6 个可改变的前列腺癌风险因素预防策略，并尝试使其成为可能。但同时也要知道，前列腺癌也主要与种族和家族史有关，无法修改。开始了！ （参考来自World Journal of Oncology 2019 ）

• 曼谷医院泌尿外科中心 泰国 在线预订 02-310-3009 bhquro@bdms.co.th
• 春武里府斯里拉查（Samitivej Sriracha）医院 088-022-1445

循证前列腺癌预防

1. 饮食
   • 饱和动物脂肪——大量摄入肉类、脂肪和奶制品会显着增加患前列腺癌的风险。
   • 红肉 - 每周 5 份或更多份熟肉显示患前列腺癌的风险更高。
   • 钙——每天摄入超过 2,000 毫克的钙会增加患前列腺癌的风险。
   • Cruciferous vegetables – Can reduce prostate cancer risk. (Examples: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage)
   • Dietary soy and green tea – Catechins in green tea and Isoflavones in soybean show protective effect against prostate cancer.
   • Tomatoes and lycopene – Lycopene is a potent antioxidant with protective effect. 2–4 servings of tomato sauce per week can decrease prostate cancer risk.

2. 维生素和矿物质补充剂
   • 维生素 D – 维生素 D 缺乏可能会增加患前列腺癌的风险。
   • Selenium – 50–60% prostate cancer risk reduction in high Selenium consumption.

3. 酒精消耗
   • 大量饮酒会增加患前列腺癌的风险。
   • 5% 每天喝 1 杯酒精会增加患前列腺癌的风险。
   • 21% 每天饮用 4 杯常规酒精饮料会增加患前列腺癌的风险。
4. 咖啡摄入量
   • Coffee consumption shows protective effect on prostate cancer activity.
   • Heavier coffee consumption per day is more likely to prevent aggressive type of prostate cancer.

5. 肥胖
   • Obesity and high BMI associated with aggressive type of prostate cancer.
   • 运动是预防前列腺癌最简单的方法。
   • One study showed prostate cancer patients who exercised regularly delayed hormonal therapy by 2 years compared with non-active patients.
6. 吸烟
   • Most studies have not shown a direct relation between smoking and prostate cancer incidence.
   • However, if prostate cancer patients smoke, their cancer-specific mortality rate doubles.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males and is commonly detected at routine health checkups. Prostate cancer prevention strategy is an important tool in patient education for lifestyle modification before it is too late.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Prostate Cancer Prevention

What foods should I avoid or eat to reduce prostate cancer risk?

Foods to limit include high amounts of saturated animal fat (meat, dairy), red meat (more than 5 servings/week), and calcium intake exceeding 2,000 mg/day. Protective foods include cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage), soy products, green tea, and tomatoes or tomato sauce rich in lycopene. Coffee consumption also appears to have a protective effect, particularly against aggressive prostate cancer.

Does alcohol and smoking increase prostate cancer risk?

Alcohol does increase prostate cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner: 1 drink per day raises risk by approximately 5%, while 4 drinks per day raises it by 21%. Heavy alcohol intake should be avoided. Cigarette smoking has not been consistently shown to increase prostate cancer incidence, but prostate cancer patients who smoke have double the cancer-specific mortality rate, making smoking cessation an important part of prostate cancer management.

Does exercise help prevent prostate cancer?

Yes. Obesity and high BMI are associated with more aggressive prostate cancer. Regular physical exercise is one of the most accessible and evidence-based preventive strategies. Studies have shown that active prostate cancer patients can delay the need for hormonal therapy by up to 2 years compared to sedentary patients. Combined with a healthy diet and avoidance of alcohol, regular exercise is a cornerstone of prostate cancer prevention.

For a comprehensive prostate health evaluation and personalized cancer prevention counseling, Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone offers specialist consultations at Bangkok Hospital Headquarters. 预约咨询.

**免责声明：** 本内容由曼谷医院总院的认证泌尿科医生 Soarawee Weerasopone 医生撰写和审阅。本内容仅用于教育目的，不构成医疗建议。在开始任何医疗治疗前，请务必咨询合格的医疗专业人士。.