Инфекция мочевого пузыря (цистит): почему это произошло с вами

Последнее обновление: 15 августа 2026

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A great many patients come to my office with a bladder infection — острый цистит in medical terms — and nearly all of them ask the same question: why me? For some it is the first time; for others it has been happening on and off for years. This article answers that question by explaining how bacteria actually get into the bladder, because once you can picture the route, both the risk factors and the prevention make sense.

What it feels like

• Burning or pain on passing urine
• A strong, persistent urge to go
• Passing small amounts, frequently
• Pressure and pain low in the abdomen
• Blood in the urine — uncommon, and alarming when it happens, but not in itself a sign of anything worse

Two things change the picture and mean you should be seen the same day rather than waiting: в fever, или pain in the back or flank. A simple bladder infection does not cause either. Both suggest the infection has travelled up to the kidney — острый пиелонефрит — which is a far more serious illness and needs prompt treatment.

How the bacteria get in

Bladder infection overwhelmingly affects women: about 10% of women have one each year, and most women will have at least one episode in their lifetime. The reason is anatomical — the female urethra is short, and its opening sits close to the anus.

The usual culprit is кишечная палочка, a bacterium that lives harmlessly in the large intestine and causes no trouble at all while it stays there. After a bowel movement it can settle on the perineum and vagina, and from there it climbs the urethra into the bladder, using tiny surface appendages to grip the bladder lining rather than being washed away.

The body is not defenceless. Simply passing urine flushes bacteria out mechanically, and the immune system attacks what remains. But some strains of кишечная палочка hide внутри the cells of the bladder wall, where neither the immune system nor an antibiotic reaches them easily. That is what tips the balance into infection — and it is also why infections come back in some women and not others.

When it stops being a one-off

A simple bladder infection should not happen more than twice in 6 months or three times in a year. Past that threshold it is called рецидивирующий цистит, and it deserves proper investigation rather than another antibiotic course — there is often a correctable reason behind it.

What actually prevents the next one

• Drink more than 2 litres of water a day, enough to keep your urine pale yellow or clear. This is the simplest and most effective measure there is — it works by flushing bacteria out before they can take hold.
• Do not hold on. Delaying gives bacteria more time to multiply in a warm, still bladder.
• Pass urine soon after intercourse, which flushes the urethra before bacteria can ascend.
• Where infections keep returning, several non-antibiotic measures reduce the recurrence rate — worth reading if this is a recurring pattern rather than a first episode.

Если у вас жжение при мочеиспускании, позывы к мочеиспусканию или вы подозреваете инфекцию мочевого пузыря, доктор Соарави Веерасопоне проводит консультации специалистов в штаб-квартире госпиталя Бангкок. Записаться на консультацию. Записаться на приём в Samitivej Sriracha Hospital можно по телефону отделения урологии: 088-022-1445.

Часто задаваемые вопросы о цистите (остром цистите)

Отказ от ответственности: Этот материал написан и проверен Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone, урологом, сертифицированным по специальности, в Bangkok Hospital Headquarters. Он предназначен только для образовательных целей и не является медицинской рекомендацией. Через личные мессенджеры не предоставляются медицинские советы, диагнозы или назначения. Перед началом любого медицинского лечения всегда консультируйтесь с квалифицированным медицинским специалистом.