尿酸结石：唯一可以溶解的肾结石

最后更新： 8 月 28, 2026

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Patients ask constantly whether a kidney stone can be treated with tablets instead of surgery. For one stone type the answer is genuinely yes — a uric acid stone can be dissolved, not merely passed or prevented. No other common stone can.

The catch is in the first word. This only works if the stone actually is uric acid, which has to be established rather than hoped for.

• 曼谷医院泌尿外科中心 泰国 在线预订 02-310-3009 bhquro@bdms.co.th
• 春武里府斯里拉查（Samitivej Sriracha）医院 088-022-1445

What stones are made of

• Calcium-containing stones — the large majority, around eight in ten.
• Uric acid stones — roughly one in ten, and the subject of this page.
• Infection stones and rarer inherited types — a small proportion, and managed differently again. Infection stones in particular can grow very large and generally need surgery, so they are worth knowing about.

The earlier version of this article said that calcium stones must be treated surgically. That is not right and has been corrected. Small calcium stones frequently pass on their own, small stones causing no trouble are often simply watched, and recurrence can be reduced substantially by diet and by medication. What is true is that a calcium stone cannot be dissolved — a different statement, and much less alarming. See do all kidney stones need treating.

Why uric acid stones form — and what they say about you

This was missing from the earlier version and it matters more than the treatment does.

Uric acid dissolves poorly in acidic urine. The usual reason someone forms these stones is not that they produce too much uric acid but that their urine is persistently too acidic — and that pattern travels with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and gout.

So a uric acid stone is worth treating as a piece of information as well as a problem. A man who forms one and has never had his blood sugar or weight addressed has been given a warning and a treatment; taking only the treatment wastes the warning. It also means the stones recur reliably if the underlying pattern is not tackled.

Establishing that it really is uric acid

• Suggestive: persistently acidic urine on testing, and a stone of characteristically low density on CT. Together these are a reasonable basis to try dissolution.
• Definitive: analysis of the stone itself in the laboratory — which requires catching it. If you have ever passed a stone and thrown it away, that is the single most useful thing that has been lost. Strain your urine and keep anything you catch, however small and unimpressive it looks.

For anyone forming stones repeatedly, blood and 24-hour urine testing identifies the metabolic drivers and is what turns treatment of this stone into prevention of the next one. See 为什么会形成肾结石.

The treatment

The whole approach rests on one idea: make the urine less acidic and the stone dissolves. The target is a urine pH of roughly 6.5 to 7.0, and you may be asked to test your own urine with pH strips at home.

• Urine alkalinisation, usually with potassium citrate. This is the main lever.
• Fluid — at least around 2.5 litres a day, enough that urine stays pale.
• Less animal protein — meat, and organ meats particularly — which both raises uric acid and acidifies urine.
• More fruit and vegetables. On citrus: the earlier version recommended orange juice and lemonade. Lemon juice diluted in water without added sugar is the version that raises citrate without the sugar load, and commercial lemonade and sweetened juices work against the metabolic problem underlying the stones in the first place.
• A uric acid-lowering drug such as allopurinol, where uric acid production is genuinely high or there is gout. It supports the alkalinisation rather than replacing it.

The caution that was not on this page

Potassium citrate is not a benign supplement. It raises blood potassium, which matters a great deal in two situations: impaired kidney function, ，和 taking another drug that also raises potassium — several common blood pressure medicines and some diuretics do exactly that. High blood potassium is dangerous and causes no symptoms until it is serious.

Which is why this is a prescribed and monitored treatment with blood tests, not something to buy and start. Stomach upset is also common and often the reason people stop.

What to expect, honestly

• It takes weeks to months, not days, and requires taking the medication consistently. Progress is followed by repeat imaging showing the stone shrinking, alongside urine pH.
• Large stones dissolve less reliably than small ones.
• A stone stuck in the ureter and obstructing the kidney is not managed by waiting for it to dissolve. Obstruction is dealt with first; dissolution is a treatment for stones sitting in the kidney, not for a blockage.
• If it does not work, shockwave treatment or endoscopic laser surgery follow — and uric acid stones, being low density, are among the less suitable for shockwave, so endoscopic treatment is often preferred.

Symptoms that need attention the same day

In an emergency in Thailand, call 1669.

• Fever or shaking chills with flank pain. An obstructed kidney that becomes infected is an emergency requiring urgent drainage — antibiotics alone are not enough. This is the most dangerous thing on this page.
• Severe pain not controlled by the painkillers you have, or with persistent vomiting.
• Passing little or no urine, particularly with a single kidney or a transplant.
• Flank pain in pregnancy.

Frequently Asked Questions About Uric Acid Stones

Can a kidney stone really be dissolved with tablets?

A uric acid stone can. It is the only common type that dissolves, because uric acid is poorly soluble in acidic urine and becomes soluble when the urine is made less acidic — the target being a pH of roughly 6.5 to 7.0. It takes weeks to months and requires consistent treatment and monitoring.

How do I know my stone is the uric acid type?

Persistently acidic urine and a characteristically low-density stone on CT are suggestive. Analysis of the stone itself is definitive, which means catching it — strain your urine and keep anything you pass, however small.

Do calcium stones always need surgery?

No, and an earlier version of this article said so. Small calcium stones often pass on their own, small stones causing no problems are frequently just monitored, and recurrence can be reduced by diet and medication. What is true is that they cannot be dissolved, which is a different and far less alarming statement.

Is potassium citrate safe to just start taking?

No. It raises blood potassium, which is dangerous in impaired kidney function or alongside other drugs that raise potassium, including several common blood pressure medicines — and high potassium causes no symptoms until it is serious. It is prescribed and monitored with blood tests. Stomach upset is also common.

Why did I get a uric acid stone?

Usually because your urine is persistently too acidic rather than because you produce too much uric acid — a pattern strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and gout. Dissolving the stone without addressing that means the next one forms.

Arranging a consultation

Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone sees patients at 曼谷医院总部 and at Samitivej Sriracha Hospital in Chonburi on 088-022-1445. Bring any previous scans, any stone analysis result, and the stone itself if you have kept one — along with a list of your medicines, since several interact with the treatment.

曼谷医院远程医疗服务适用于无法亲自就诊的患者，包括国际患者——请通过电子邮件提前向泌尿科预约： bhquro@bdms.co.th. Samitivej Sriracha is in-person only. Enquiries about cost are answered by the hospital, not by this website. An acute attack of stone pain goes to hospital, not to email.

免责声明 This content is written and reviewed by Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone, a board-certified urologist at Bangkok Hospital Headquarters, and is intended for education only. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or a prescription for any individual, and no advice, diagnosis or prescription is given through personal messaging channels or social media. Dr. Soarawee operates no public social media account; any account offering private consultation in his name is fraudulent. In an emergency in Thailand, call 1669.