尿PCRによる性病検査：7つの感染症、1回の検査でスワブ検査は不要

最終更新日: 2026年8月15日

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A steady stream of patients come to me for advice after a high-risk sexual encounter. Most are men, largely because men tend to develop symptoms while women often have none at all — or only something vague like an unusual odour or mild itching. That difference matters more than it sounds: it means a woman can carry and pass on an infection without ever suspecting it.

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are the two commonest sexually transmitted infections in the world, with over 200 million new cases a year. They are transmitted through vaginal, oral and rectal contact. In men, urethral discharge and pain on passing urine typically appear 3–14 days after exposure.

Why the test changed

Testing used to mean a urethral swab — a cotton tip inserted about 4 cm into the urethra, uncomfortable enough that it discouraged plenty of men from being tested at all, and only around 50% accurate depending on who took it.

Today the standard is NAAT (nucleic acid amplification testing) using PCR, which finds the organism’s genetic material in a simple morning urine sample and reaches up to 98% accuracy. No instrument goes anywhere near the urethra. If the swab is what has been putting you off, that obstacle no longer exists.

The 7 infections detected in one urine sample

• クラミジア・トラコマティス
• ナイセリア・ゴノレア
• トリコモナス膣炎
• 性器マイコプラズマ
• マイコプラズマ・ホミニス
• マイコプラズマ・ホミニス
• ウレアプラスマ・パルバム

What this test does ない cover

This is the part that matters most, and it is the reason a urine PCR panel is not the same thing as “a full STD check”. The panel above does not detect HIV, syphilis, genital herpes or HPV. Those need separate testing — blood tests for 梅毒 and HIV, and clinical assessment for herpes and warts.

A clear urine PCR result after a high-risk encounter is genuinely reassuring about seven infections. It is not a clean bill of health, and treating it as one is the mistake I most want to prevent. Decide what to test for with a doctor, based on what actually happened.

When to take the test

Timing changes the result. Testing too soon after exposure can give a negative even when infection is present, because there is not yet enough genetic material to detect — the window period. For chlamydia and gonorrhoea, testing is generally reliable from about 1–2 weeks after exposure; the blood-borne infections above have their own, longer windows.

Two practical points: hold your urine for at least an hour before giving the sample, since freshly flushed urine dilutes what the test is looking for; and if you have symptoms now, do not wait for a window period to pass before being seen.

The good news, stated accurately

All seven infections on this panel are bacterial or parasitic, and all of them are curable with the right antibiotic. That is a genuinely encouraging thing to be able to say. It applies to this panel — HIV, herpes and HPV are managed rather than cured, which is another reason to know which test you have had.

Two things make the difference between treatment working and the same infection returning a month later: finishing the full course、および your partner being treated at the same time. Reinfection from an untreated partner is the commonest reason a cured infection reappears.

高リスクな性交渉があった場合、または、マルチプレックスPCR尿検査による機密性の高い無痛の性感染症スクリーニングをご希望の場合は、バンコク病院本院にてSoarawee Weerasopone医師による専門医の診察を受けていただけます。. 診療をご予約。Samitivej Sriracha Hospital での予約は、泌尿器科に電話でお問い合わせください。電話番号: 088-022-1445.

性感染症（STD）PCR尿検査に関するよくある質問

免責事項: 本コンテンツは、Bangkok Hospital Headquarters の泌尿器科専門医(board-certified)である Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone が執筆・監修したものです。教育目的のみで提供されており、医学的助言を構成するものではありません。個人宛のメッセージ手段では、医学的助言、診断、処方は一切行っておりません。いかなる治療も、開始前に必ず資格を持つ医療専門家にご相談ください。