{"id":10194,"date":"2026-05-13T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/?p=10194"},"modified":"2026-05-03T17:04:55","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T10:04:55","slug":"kidney-stone-prevention-management-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/2026\/05\/13\/kidney-stone-prevention-management-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Kidney Stone Prevention and Management: A Modern Guide to Staying Stone-Free"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns coblocks-author-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7537815b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#8C8C971A;padding-top:2.5rem;padding-right:2.5rem;padding-bottom:2.5rem;padding-left:2.5rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-rounded\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" data-attachment-id=\"7037\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/new-photo-2024\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?fit=800%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone \u2014 Board-Certified Urologist in Bangkok, Thailand\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone \u2014 Board-Certified Urologist in Bangkok, Thailand&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?fit=800%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=800%2C800&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone \u2014 Board-Certified Urologist in Bangkok, Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-7037\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=12%2C12&amp;ssl=1 12w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=600%2C600&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/New-Photo-2024.png?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/\">Soarawee Weerasopone, Urologist<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bangkokhospital.com\/en\/bangkok\/doctor\/dr-soarawee-weerasopone-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bangkok hospital Headquarter, Bangkok<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DrPomUroBHQThailand\/\">Samitivej Sriracha hospital, Chonburi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-color has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/lin.ee\/QlUAIFB\" style=\"color:#31ff00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LINE Contact<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DrPomUroBHQThailand\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dr.pom.uro.bhq.thailand\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Instagram<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-wordpress  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12.158,12.786L9.46,20.625c0.806,0.237,1.657,0.366,2.54,0.366c1.047,0,2.051-0.181,2.986-0.51 c-0.024-0.038-0.046-0.079-0.065-0.124L12.158,12.786z M3.009,12c0,3.559,2.068,6.634,5.067,8.092L3.788,8.341 C3.289,9.459,3.009,10.696,3.009,12z M18.069,11.546c0-1.112-0.399-1.881-0.741-2.48c-0.456-0.741-0.883-1.368-0.883-2.109 c0-0.826,0.627-1.596,1.51-1.596c0.04,0,0.078,0.005,0.116,0.007C16.472,3.904,14.34,3.009,12,3.009 c-3.141,0-5.904,1.612-7.512,4.052c0.211,0.007,0.41,0.011,0.579,0.011c0.94,0,2.396-0.114,2.396-0.114 C7.947,6.93,8.004,7.642,7.52,7.699c0,0-0.487,0.057-1.029,0.085l3.274,9.739l1.968-5.901l-1.401-3.838 C9.848,7.756,9.389,7.699,9.389,7.699C8.904,7.67,8.961,6.93,9.446,6.958c0,0,1.484,0.114,2.368,0.114 c0.94,0,2.397-0.114,2.397-0.114c0.485-0.028,0.542,0.684,0.057,0.741c0,0-0.488,0.057-1.029,0.085l3.249,9.665l0.897-2.996 C17.841,13.284,18.069,12.316,18.069,11.546z M19.889,7.686c0.039,0.286,0.06,0.593,0.06,0.924c0,0.912-0.171,1.938-0.684,3.22 l-2.746,7.94c2.673-1.558,4.47-4.454,4.47-7.771C20.991,10.436,20.591,8.967,19.889,7.686z M12,22C6.486,22,2,17.514,2,12 C2,6.486,6.486,2,12,2c5.514,0,10,4.486,10,10C22,17.514,17.514,22,12,22z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">WordPress<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-telegram  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/drpommy\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 128 128\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M28.9700376,63.3244248 C47.6273373,55.1957357 60.0684594,49.8368063 66.2934036,47.2476366 C84.0668845,39.855031 87.7600616,38.5708563 90.1672227,38.528 C90.6966555,38.5191258 91.8804274,38.6503351 92.6472251,39.2725385 C93.294694,39.7979149 93.4728387,40.5076237 93.5580865,41.0057381 C93.6433345,41.5038525 93.7494885,42.63857 93.6651041,43.5252052 C92.7019529,53.6451182 88.5344133,78.2034783 86.4142057,89.5379542 C85.5170662,94.3339958 83.750571,95.9420841 82.0403991,96.0994568 C78.3237996,96.4414641 75.5015827,93.6432685 71.9018743,91.2836143 C66.2690414,87.5912212 63.0868492,85.2926952 57.6192095,81.6896017 C51.3004058,77.5256038 55.3966232,75.2369981 58.9976911,71.4967761 C59.9401076,70.5179421 76.3155302,55.6232293 76.6324771,54.2720454 C76.6721165,54.1030573 76.7089039,53.4731496 76.3346867,53.1405352 C75.9604695,52.8079208 75.4081573,52.921662 75.0095933,53.0121213 C74.444641,53.1403447 65.4461175,59.0880351 48.0140228,70.8551922 C45.4598218,72.6091037 43.1463059,73.4636682 41.0734751,73.4188859 C38.7883453,73.3695169 34.3926725,72.1268388 31.1249416,71.0646282 C27.1169366,69.7617838 23.931454,69.0729605 24.208838,66.8603276 C24.3533167,65.7078514 25.9403832,64.5292172 28.9700376,63.3244248 Z\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Telegram<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-whatsapp  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/66922495804\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M 12.011719 2 C 6.5057187 2 2.0234844 6.478375 2.0214844 11.984375 C 2.0204844 13.744375 2.4814687 15.462563 3.3554688 16.976562 L 2 22 L 7.2324219 20.763672 C 8.6914219 21.559672 10.333859 21.977516 12.005859 21.978516 L 12.009766 21.978516 C 17.514766 21.978516 21.995047 17.499141 21.998047 11.994141 C 22.000047 9.3251406 20.962172 6.8157344 19.076172 4.9277344 C 17.190172 3.0407344 14.683719 2.001 12.011719 2 z M 12.009766 4 C 14.145766 4.001 16.153109 4.8337969 17.662109 6.3417969 C 19.171109 7.8517969 20.000047 9.8581875 19.998047 11.992188 C 19.996047 16.396187 16.413812 19.978516 12.007812 19.978516 C 10.674812 19.977516 9.3544062 19.642812 8.1914062 19.007812 L 7.5175781 18.640625 L 6.7734375 18.816406 L 4.8046875 19.28125 L 5.2851562 17.496094 L 5.5019531 16.695312 L 5.0878906 15.976562 C 4.3898906 14.768562 4.0204844 13.387375 4.0214844 11.984375 C 4.0234844 7.582375 7.6067656 4 12.009766 4 z M 8.4765625 7.375 C 8.3095625 7.375 8.0395469 7.4375 7.8105469 7.6875 C 7.5815469 7.9365 6.9355469 8.5395781 6.9355469 9.7675781 C 6.9355469 10.995578 7.8300781 12.182609 7.9550781 12.349609 C 8.0790781 12.515609 9.68175 15.115234 12.21875 16.115234 C 14.32675 16.946234 14.754891 16.782234 15.212891 16.740234 C 15.670891 16.699234 16.690438 16.137687 16.898438 15.554688 C 17.106437 14.971687 17.106922 14.470187 17.044922 14.367188 C 16.982922 14.263188 16.816406 14.201172 16.566406 14.076172 C 16.317406 13.951172 15.090328 13.348625 14.861328 13.265625 C 14.632328 13.182625 14.464828 13.140625 14.298828 13.390625 C 14.132828 13.640625 13.655766 14.201187 13.509766 14.367188 C 13.363766 14.534188 13.21875 14.556641 12.96875 14.431641 C 12.71875 14.305641 11.914938 14.041406 10.960938 13.191406 C 10.218937 12.530406 9.7182656 11.714844 9.5722656 11.464844 C 9.4272656 11.215844 9.5585938 11.079078 9.6835938 10.955078 C 9.7955938 10.843078 9.9316406 10.663578 10.056641 10.517578 C 10.180641 10.371578 10.223641 10.267562 10.306641 10.101562 C 10.389641 9.9355625 10.347156 9.7890625 10.285156 9.6640625 C 10.223156 9.5390625 9.737625 8.3065 9.515625 7.8125 C 9.328625 7.3975 9.131125 7.3878594 8.953125 7.3808594 C 8.808125 7.3748594 8.6425625 7.375 8.4765625 7.375 z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/soarawee-weerasopone\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-mail  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"mailto:bhquro@bdms.co.th\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19,5H5c-1.1,0-2,.9-2,2v10c0,1.1.9,2,2,2h14c1.1,0,2-.9,2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm.5,12c0,.3-.2.5-.5.5H5c-.3,0-.5-.2-.5-.5V9.8l7.5,5.6,7.5-5.6V17zm0-9.1L12,13.6,4.5,7.9V7c0-.3.2-.5.5-.5h14c.3,0,.5.2.5.5v.9z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Mail<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\/* Hover effect for Social Dr Pom Block - Social Icons *\/\n.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link {\n  transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease !important;\n}\n.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link:hover {\n  transform: scale(1.15);\n  opacity: 0.9;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"dr-pom-academic-icons\" style=\"display: flex; gap: 16px; margin-top: 12px; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\">\n  \n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Soarawee-Weerasopone\" \n     target=\"_blank\" \n     rel=\"noopener\"\n     title=\"ResearchGate Profile\"\n     aria-label=\"View ResearchGate Profile\"\n     style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #00CCBB; transition: transform 0.2s; display: inline-block;\"\n     onmouseover=\"this.style.transform='scale(1.15)'\"\n     onmouseout=\"this.style.transform='scale(1)'\">\n    <svg width=\"28\" height=\"28\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n      <path d=\"M19.586 0c-.818 0-1.508.19-2.073.565-.563.377-.97.936-1.213 1.68a3.193 3.193 0 0 0-.112.437 8.365 8.365 0 0 0-.078.53 9 9 0 0 0-.05.727c-.01.282-.013.621-.013 1.016a31.121 31.121 0 0 0 .014 1.017 9 9 0 0 0 .05.727 7.946 7.946 0 0 0 .077.53h.001c.024.115.06.262.112.438.243.743.65 1.303 1.213 1.68.565.376 1.255.564 2.073.564.8 0 1.536-.213 2.105-.603.57-.39.94-.916 1.175-1.65.076-.235.135-.558.177-.93a15.4 15.4 0 0 0 .063-1.207v-.512a.27.27 0 0 0-.273-.273h-2.95a.27.27 0 0 0-.274.273v.785c0 .228.0.343.273.343h1.337c.094 0 .14.045.14.137 0 .61-.063 1.043-.155 1.318-.182.546-.7 1.018-1.683 1.018-.654 0-1.135-.114-1.475-.356-.34-.244-.55-.585-.658-1.024a3.797 3.797 0 0 1-.111-.43 5.515 5.515 0 0 1-.06-.51 19.85 19.85 0 0 1-.025-.726c-.004-.28-.004-.628-.004-1.045 0-.418 0-.766.004-1.046a19.85 19.85 0 0 1 .025-.726 5.475 5.475 0 0 1 .06-.51 3.785 3.785 0 0 1 .111-.43c.108-.44.318-.78.658-1.024.34-.243.82-.357 1.475-.357.6 0 1.064.078 1.413.293.347.215.595.515.74.91.063.155.166.21.31.156l.967-.4c.15-.058.187-.18.13-.32a3.025 3.025 0 0 0-1.262-1.452C21.12.218 20.428.0 19.586 0zM8.512 4.32c-2.7 0-4.066.997-4.066 3.06v.04c0 1.92.992 2.83 3.046 2.83 1.27 0 2.038-.39 2.385-1.05h.13l.067.51c.04.2.207.34.41.34h.99V7.95c0-2.59-1.06-3.63-2.962-3.63zm-.18 1.61c1.118 0 1.628.56 1.628 1.86v.4l-1.65.16c-1.35.13-1.86.46-1.86 1.13v.04c0 .67.41 1.06 1.45 1.06.85 0 1.55-.32 1.93-.84.04-.06.13-.07.18-.02.05.03.07.1.07.16v.43c0 .26.13.42.34.42h1.05c.21 0 .34-.16.34-.42v-3.6c0-1.94-1.13-2.83-3.46-2.83-1.94 0-3.07.86-3.4 2.04l1.55.45c.18-.69.6-1.04 1.83-1.04z\"\/>\n    <\/svg>\n  <\/a>\n  \n  <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8387-3559\" \n     target=\"_blank\" \n     rel=\"noopener\"\n     title=\"ORCID iD\"\n     aria-label=\"View ORCID Profile\"\n     style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #A6CE39; transition: transform 0.2s; display: inline-block;\"\n     onmouseover=\"this.style.transform='scale(1.15)'\"\n     onmouseout=\"this.style.transform='scale(1)'\">\n    <svg width=\"28\" height=\"28\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n      <path d=\"M12 0C5.372 0 0 5.372 0 12s5.372 12 12 12 12-5.372 12-12S18.628 0 12 0zM7.369 4.378c.525 0 .947.431.947.947 0 .525-.422.947-.947.947-.525 0-.946-.422-.946-.947 0-.525.421-.947.946-.947zm-.722 3.038h1.444v10.041H6.647V7.416zm3.562 0h3.9c3.712 0 5.344 2.653 5.344 5.025 0 2.578-2.016 5.025-5.325 5.025h-3.919V7.416zm1.444 1.303v7.444h2.297c3.272 0 4.022-2.484 4.022-3.722 0-2.016-1.284-3.722-4.097-3.722h-2.222z\"\/>\n    <\/svg>\n  <\/a>\n  \n  <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=lTgsRMUAAAAJ&#038;hl=en\" \n     target=\"_blank\" \n     rel=\"noopener\"\n     title=\"Google Scholar\"\n     aria-label=\"View Google Scholar Profile\"\n     style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #4285F4; transition: transform 0.2s; display: inline-block;\"\n     onmouseover=\"this.style.transform='scale(1.15)'\"\n     onmouseout=\"this.style.transform='scale(1)'\">\n    <svg width=\"28\" height=\"28\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n      <path d=\"M5.242 13.769L0.5 9.5 12 1l11.5 8.5-4.742 4.269C17.548 11.249 14.978 9.5 12 9.5c-2.977 0-5.548 1.748-6.758 4.269zM12 10a7 7 0 1 0 0 14 7 7 0 0 0 0-14z\"\/>\n    <\/svg>\n  <\/a>\n  \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kidney stones are one of the most common urological conditions I see in my practice \u2014 and one of the most preventable. As a board-certified urologist specializing in kidney stone treatment, I want to share with you a comprehensive, patient-friendly overview of <strong>how stones form, how to prevent them through diet, and how modern non-invasive treatments like ESWL have transformed care<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is drawn from my presentation originally delivered at the <strong>Royal Phnom Penh Urology Seminar on June 29, 2019<\/strong>. Although several years have passed, the fundamental principles of urolithiasis management and the technological shifts in treatment remain highly relevant for patients today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"10244\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/kidney-stone-prevention-6-keys-to-staying-stone-free\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-6-Keys-to-Staying-Stone-Free.jpg?fit=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Kidney Stone Prevention \u2014 6 Keys to Staying Stone-Free | Visual Summary by Dr. Soarawee\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Kidney Stone Prevention \u2014 6 keys to staying stone-free&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-6-Keys-to-Staying-Stone-Free.jpg?fit=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-6-Keys-to-Staying-Stone-Free.jpg?resize=800%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Visual summary infographic by Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone \u2014 6 keys to staying stone-free, covering hydration, calcium, oxalate, sodium, protein, and citrate intake for kidney stone prevention\" class=\"wp-image-10244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-6-Keys-to-Staying-Stone-Free.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-6-Keys-to-Staying-Stone-Free.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-6-Keys-to-Staying-Stone-Free.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-6-Keys-to-Staying-Stone-Free.jpg?resize=16%2C12&amp;ssl=1 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kidney Stone Prevention \u2014 6 keys to staying stone-free<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Balance of Salts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kidney stones are fundamentally about a <strong>disruption in the balance of salts within the urinary tract<\/strong>. To understand stone formation, imagine a salt farm: sea water is let in, it dries, the water vaporizes, and sea salt remains. Similarly, kidney stones develop when urine becomes \u201csupersaturated\u201d with insoluble compounds. When these compounds can no longer remain dissolved, they precipitate and form crystals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who Is at Risk?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gender and Age:<\/strong> The peak age for stone formation is in males between 20\u201330 years old.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lifetime Prevalence:<\/strong> Approximately 12% of men and 7% of women will experience kidney stones in their lifetime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Comorbidities:<\/strong> Stone formation is frequently related to obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Genetics:<\/strong> A family history of kidney stones can increase your risk by up to 2.5 times.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Do Stones Form?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Supersaturation occurs primarily due to two factors: <strong>dehydration and genetic predispositions<\/strong> that cause the over-excretion of ions in the urine. The \u201cinsoluble compounds\u201d that act as the building blocks for these stones include calcium, oxalate, phosphate, magnesium, and uric acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While there are hundreds of types of stones, they are often mixtures of these substances. The four most common types are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Calcium Oxalate (75%):<\/strong> The most prevalent variety.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Struvite (10\u201320%):<\/strong> Often associated with infections.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uric Acid (5\u201315%):<\/strong> Linked to acidic urine and high-protein diets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Calcium Phosphate (5%).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"418\" height=\"314\" data-attachment-id=\"9950\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/june-2019-with-arjan-damrongpan-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-4.webp?fit=418%2C314&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"418,314\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dr. Pom and Dr. Damrongpan Watanachote at Royal Phnom Penh, June 2019\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Dr. Pom alongside Dr. Damrongpan Watanachote at Royal Phnom Penh urology seminar, June 2019&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-4.webp?fit=418%2C314&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-4.webp?resize=418%2C314&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Dr. Pom alongside Dr. Damrongpan Watanachote at Royal Phnom Penh urology seminar, June 2019\" class=\"wp-image-9950\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-4.webp?w=418&amp;ssl=1 418w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-4.webp?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-4.webp?resize=16%2C12&amp;ssl=1 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dr. Pom alongside Dr. Damrongpan Watanachote at Royal Phnom Penh urology seminar, June 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Pillar of Prevention: Dietary Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cmagic words\u201d for kidney stone prevention are <strong>Balance, Balance, and Balance<\/strong>. Adjusting your intake of specific nutrients can significantly lower the risk of recurrence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fluid Intake \u2014 The Most Important Factor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dehydration is the most important and easiest factor that we can correct. The recommendation: drink <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10201681\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more than 2.5 liters of oral fluids daily<\/a><\/strong>, and avoid excessively hot environments that cause heavy sweating and fluid loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"10200\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/water-intake\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Daily Water Intake for Kidney Stone Prevention \u2014 More Than 2.5 Liters per Day\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?fit=800%2C534&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?resize=800%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Glasses of water illustrating the recommended daily fluid intake of more than 2.5 liters for kidney stone prevention \u2014 the most important and easiest dietary factor to control, according to Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone, urologist at Bangkok Hospital\" class=\"wp-image-10200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Water-intake.jpg?resize=18%2C12&amp;ssl=1 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Drinking more than 2.5 liters of water daily is the single most important dietary step to prevent kidney stones.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calcium \u2014 The Common Misconception<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Many patients believe they should stop eating calcium to prevent calcium stones. <strong>This is a mistake<\/strong> \u2014 low calcium intake is not recommended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa010369?utm_source=openevidence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>The Goal:<\/strong> Aim for 800 mg\/day to 1,200 mg\/day.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Why?<\/strong> A study showed that a moderate calcium intake (1,200 mg\/day) plus a low animal protein diet resulted in a <strong>51% lower incidence of stones<\/strong> compared to a low-calcium diet of 400 mg\/day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pro Tip:<\/strong> Calcium supplements should be taken <em>during meals<\/em> because the calcium will bind to oxalate in the gut and prevent its absorption into the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"10197\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/calcium-intake\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Recommended Calcium Intake for Kidney Stone Prevention \u2014 800 to 1,200 mg per Day\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?fit=800%2C534&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?resize=800%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Calcium-rich foods including milk, cheese, yogurt and leafy greens \u2014 recommended dietary calcium intake of 800\u20131,200 mg per day to prevent kidney stones, dispelling the common misconception that calcium causes stone formation\" class=\"wp-image-10197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Calcium-intake.jpg?resize=18%2C12&amp;ssl=1 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A moderate calcium intake of 800\u20131,200 mg\/day \u2014 ideally taken with meals \u2014 actually helps prevent calcium oxalate kidney stones.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oxalate Management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Since calcium oxalate stones account for 75% of cases, managing oxalate is vital. Aim for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8011014\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">40\u201350 mg\/day<\/a><\/strong>. High-oxalate foods to limit include dark chocolate, cocoa powder, spinach, rhubarb, nuts, seeds, black tea, and tofu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"10198\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/oxalate-intake\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"High-Oxalate Foods to Limit for Kidney Stone Prevention \u2014 40 to 50 mg Daily\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?fit=800%2C534&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?resize=800%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"High-oxalate foods including spinach, dark chocolate, nuts, beets and rhubarb \u2014 limit oxalate intake to 40\u201350 mg per day to prevent calcium oxalate kidney stones, the most common stone type accounting for 75% of cases\" class=\"wp-image-10198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oxalate-intake.jpg?resize=18%2C12&amp;ssl=1 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Common high-oxalate foods to limit \u2014 spinach, dark chocolate, nuts, beets, rhubarb, black tea, and tofu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sodium and Protein<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sodium:<\/strong> Consuming too much sodium causes more calcium to be excreted in the urine. Limit sodium to 2,000\u20133,000 mg\/day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protein:<\/strong> High-protein diets (&gt;2 g\/kg\/day) can make urine acidic, resulting in uric acid stones and increased calcium in the urine. Aim for a moderate intake of 0.8\u20131.4 g\/kg\/day. Interestingly, research indicates there is <em>no significant difference<\/em> in stone risk between animal and plant proteins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitamin C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While Vitamin C is healthy, excessive amounts can be metabolized into dehydroascorbic acid and then converted to oxalate. Consuming more than 1,000 mg\/day is associated with a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4769668\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">40% higher risk of kidney stones<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"10199\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/vitamin-c\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Vitamin C and Kidney Stone Risk \u2014 Avoid More Than 1,000 mg per Day\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?fit=800%2C534&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?resize=800%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Vitamin C-rich citrus fruits and supplements \u2014 excessive intake above 1,000 mg per day is metabolized into oxalate and associated with a 40% higher risk of kidney stones, according to Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone at Bangkok Hospital\" class=\"wp-image-10199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Vitamin-C.jpg?resize=18%2C12&amp;ssl=1 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vitamin C is healthy in moderation, but exceeding 1,000 mg\/day raises kidney stone risk by 40% as it is metabolized into oxalate.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citrate: Our Stone-Fighting Hero<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Citrate is known as a <strong>stone inhibitor<\/strong>. It prevents stone-forming activity and increases urine pH, which creates an environment where uric acid crystals are less likely to form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Natural Sources:<\/strong> Citrus fruits like lemon and lime. Drinking <strong>4 ounces of pure lemon juice<\/strong> or <strong>32 ounces of prepared lemonade<\/strong> daily can provide a similar amount of citric acid as pharmacological therapy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medical Citrate:<\/strong> Potassium citrate (available in powder or tablet form) is the \u201cgold standard\u201d for treating uric acid stones and can even help dissolve them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modern Treatment: 4th-Generation ESWL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When prevention fails, technology provides non-invasive solutions. <strong>Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)<\/strong> uses focused shock waves to break stones into small fragments that can be passed naturally in the urine. For a deeper look at how this technology evolved from a wartime observation to a 4th-generation tracking system, see my earlier article on <a href=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/2026\/05\/06\/evolution-of-stone-treatment-eswl\/\">the evolution of ESWL<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comparing the older 3rd-generation machines to today\u2019s 4th-generation ESWL highlights significant patient benefits:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 1.5rem 0; font-family: inherit;\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background-color: #1a3a6b; color: #ffffff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #1a3a6b;\">Feature<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #1a3a6b;\">3rd Generation<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #1a3a6b;\">4th Generation<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f7fa;\">\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Radiation<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Unnecessary X-ray exposure<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Near-zero radiation (ultrasound)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Anesthesia<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Often required due to pain<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">No anesthesia or painkillers needed<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f7fa;\">\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Accuracy<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Shockwaves can miss the target<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Auto ultrasound tracking system<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Recovery<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Requires hospitalization<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Daycare \/ outpatient, same-day discharge<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evidence of Effectiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientific literature supports the move to 4th-generation technology:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Accuracy:<\/strong> A study of the Lite-Med 9200 lithotripter reported a <strong>94.3% hit rate<\/strong> with the tracking system, compared to only 68.6% without tracking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Human Success:<\/strong> A clinical study of 1,332 patients using this modern technology reported an <strong>80% stone-free rate<\/strong> at 3-month follow-up.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safety:<\/strong> Major complications, such as renal hematomas, were not reported in these modern trials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Addressing the Cost-Effectiveness<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A common question is whether modern ESWL is \u201ctoo expensive.\u201d This is often a misunderstanding based on data from Western countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>In the West:<\/strong> ESWL has historically been expensive because older 3rd-generation machines are painful, requiring an operating room, general anesthesia, anesthesia professional fees, and overnight hospital stays \u2014 all of which add up.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In our modern practice:<\/strong> Because 4th-generation technology is virtually painless and far more accurate, we eliminate the costs of anesthesia and hospitalization entirely.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, standard research often cites success rates based on lower shockwave counts (around 3,000 pulses per session). In our current practice, we may fire <strong>up to 6,000 shockwave pulses<\/strong> at higher power (up to 18 kV) because the patient can tolerate it without pain medication. This significantly increases the efficacy of a single session and reduces the need for retreatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"614\" data-attachment-id=\"9947\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/june-2019-with-arjan-damrongpan-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-1.webp?fit=433%2C614&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"433,614\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Overflow audience \u2014 Royal Phnom Penh seminar, June 2019\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Royal Phnom Penh Hospital urology seminar audience overflow, June 2019 \u2014 Cambodia urology event&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-1.webp?fit=433%2C614&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-1.webp?resize=433%2C614&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Royal Phnom Penh Hospital urology seminar audience overflow, June 2019 \u2014 Cambodia urology event\" class=\"wp-image-9947\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-1.webp?w=433&amp;ssl=1 433w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-1.webp?resize=212%2C300&amp;ssl=1 212w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/June-2019-With-Arjan-Damrongpan-1.webp?resize=8%2C12&amp;ssl=1 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Royal Phnom Penh Hospital urology seminar audience overflow, June 2019 \u2014 Cambodia urology event<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Take-Home Messages &amp; Dietary Reference<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Commonality:<\/strong> Kidney stones are a frequent disease, but they are highly manageable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diet is key:<\/strong> Focus on a balanced diet \u2014 don\u2019t cut out calcium, but do cut back on salt and high-oxalate foods.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hydration:<\/strong> Drink more than 2.5 liters of water every single day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment:<\/strong> Modern technology allows us to manage stones effectively without surgery or wounds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consultation:<\/strong> If you have a stone smaller than 2 cm, ESWL is highly recommended by the European Association of Urology (EAU).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 1.5rem 0; font-family: inherit;\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background-color: #1a3a6b; color: #ffffff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #1a3a6b;\">Nutrient<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #1a3a6b;\">Recommended Intake<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f7fa;\">\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Calcium (Ca)<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">800\u20131,200 mg\/day<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Oxalate<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">40\u201350 mg\/day<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f7fa;\">\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Sodium (Na)<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">2,000\u20133,000 mg\/day<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Protein<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">0.8\u20131.4 g\/kg\/day<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f7fa;\">\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Fluids<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">&gt; 2.5 Liters\/day<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Vitamin C<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; vertical-align: top;\">Dietary Reference Intake (avoid &gt; 1,000 mg\/day)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are dealing with kidney stones or want a personalized prevention plan based on your stone composition and metabolic profile, Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone offers specialist consultations in kidney stone treatment at Bangkok Hospital Headquarters. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bangkokhospital.com\/en\/bangkok\/doctor\/dr-soarawee-weerasopone-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Book a Consultation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions About Kidney Stone Prevention<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much water should I drink to prevent kidney stones?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The recommended fluid intake for kidney stone prevention is more than 2.5 liters per day. In hot climates or for people who sweat heavily, even more may be needed to maintain dilute urine and prevent supersaturation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Should I avoid calcium if I have calcium kidney stones?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>No \u2014 this is a common misconception. Low calcium intake is not recommended and may actually increase stone risk. A moderate intake of 800\u20131,200 mg per day, ideally with meals, allows calcium to bind oxalate in the gut and reduce stone formation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does lemon juice really help prevent kidney stones?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes. Lemon and lime juice are rich in citrate, a natural stone inhibitor. Drinking 4 ounces of pure lemon juice or 32 ounces of prepared lemonade daily can provide a similar amount of citric acid to pharmacological therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What size of kidney stone is best treated with ESWL?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, ESWL is highly recommended for kidney stones smaller than 2 cm. Stones under 1 cm have the highest single-session success rates with modern 4th-generation technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is modern ESWL really as expensive as it sounds?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cost-effectiveness studies often reflect older 3rd-generation machines that require general anesthesia and hospital admission. Modern 4th-generation ESWL is painless, performed as a daycare procedure, and eliminates the costs of anesthesia and hospitalization, making it significantly more affordable than Western literature suggests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"How much water should I drink to prevent kidney stones?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"The recommended fluid intake for kidney stone prevention is more than 2.5 liters per day. In hot climates or for people who sweat heavily, even more may be needed to maintain dilute urine and prevent supersaturation.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Should I avoid calcium if I have calcium kidney stones?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"No - this is a common misconception. Low calcium intake is not recommended and may actually increase stone risk. A moderate intake of 800-1,200 mg per day, ideally with meals, allows calcium to bind oxalate in the gut and reduce stone formation.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Does lemon juice really help prevent kidney stones?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Yes. Lemon and lime juice are rich in citrate, a natural stone inhibitor. Drinking 4 ounces of pure lemon juice or 32 ounces of prepared lemonade daily can provide a similar amount of citric acid to pharmacological therapy.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What size of kidney stone is best treated with ESWL?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"According to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, ESWL is highly recommended for kidney stones smaller than 2 cm. Stones under 1 cm have the highest single-session success rates with modern 4th-generation technology.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Is modern ESWL really as expensive as it sounds?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Cost-effectiveness studies often reflect older 3rd-generation machines that require general anesthesia and hospital admission. Modern 4th-generation ESWL is painless, performed as a daycare procedure, and eliminates the costs of anesthesia and hospitalization, making it significantly more affordable than Western literature suggests.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disclaimer:<\/strong> This content is medically written and reviewed by Dr. Soarawee Weerasopone, a board-certified urologist at Bangkok Hospital Headquarters. It is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any medical treatment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soarawee Weerasopone, Urologist Bangkok hospital Headquarter, Bangkok Samitivej Sriracha hospital, Chonburi Kidney stones are one of the most common urological conditions I see in my practice \u2014 and one of the most preventable. As a board-certified urologist specializing in kidney stone treatment, I want to share with you a comprehensive, patient-friendly overview of how stones [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":185281453,"featured_media":10234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"Dr. Soarawee, urologist at Bangkok Hospital, shares evidence-based dietary prevention, the role of citrate, and how modern 4th-generation ESWL treats kidney stones without anesthesia or hospital stay.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"Kidney Stone Prevention & Treatment: A Urologist's Modern Guide | Dr. Soarawee","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kidney-Stone-Prevention-Management.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pgZdrK-2Eq","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/185281453"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10194"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10268,"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10194\/revisions\/10268"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drsoaraweeurology.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10194"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}